์•จ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ - Alan Berg

์•จ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ
Alan Berg.jpg
์•จ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ
ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ
์•จ๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šจ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ

1934 ๋…„ 1 ์›” 1 ์ผ
์‹œ์นด๊ณ  , ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ
์‚ฌ๋ง ํ•œ 1984 ๋…„ 6 ์›” 18 ์ผ (1984-06-18)(50 ์„ธ)
๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ ๋ด๋ฒ„
์‚ฌ๋ง ์›์ธ ์•”์‚ด
ํœด๊ฒŒ์†Œ ๋ฐœํŠธ ํ•˜์ž„ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ๋ฌ˜์ง€, ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ์ฃผ ์‚ผ๋ฆผ ๊ณต์›
๊ตญ์  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ
์ง์—… ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ, ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์‡ผ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž

์•จ๋Ÿฐ ํ•ด๋ฆฌ์Šจ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ (1934 ๋…„ 1 ์›” 1 ์ผ โ€“ 1984 ๋…„ 6 ์›” 18 ์ผ)๋Š” ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ์ฃผ ๋ด๋ฒ„ ์—์„œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์ด์ž ํ† ํฌ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค ์‡ผ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Berg๋Š” ์ž์œ ์ฃผ์˜ ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๋…ธ๊ณจ์ ์ธ ๊ด€์ ๊ณผ ๋Œ€๋ฆฝ์ ์ธ ์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ ์Šคํƒ€์ผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1984 ๋…„ 6 ์›” 18 ์ผ, Berg๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด The Order์˜ ์ผ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ์ด์„ ๋งž์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์‚ดํ•ด์— ์—ฐ๋ฃจ๋œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ Berg์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ €๋ช…ํ•œ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์„ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ค๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€๋กœ ํ™•์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๋‘ ๋ช…์ธ David Lane ๊ณผ Bruce Pierce๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‚ด์ธ ํ˜์˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ ์นจํ•ด ํ˜์˜๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ๊ฐ 190 ๋…„๊ณผ 252 ๋…„์˜ ์ง•์—ญํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค.

์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ƒํ™œ

Alan Berg๋Š” ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ์ฃผ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ  ์ถœ์‹ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์€ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [1] ๊ทธ ์ฐฉ์•ˆ ์ฝœ๋กœ๋ผ๋„ ๋ด๋ฒ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ „์†กํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ๋ด๋ฒ„ ๋Œ€ํ•™ . 22 ์„ธ์— Berg๋Š” ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ์ฃผ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ์‹œํ—˜ ์— ํ•ฉ๊ฒฉ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ช…์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์—์„œ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ทผ ๋ฐœ์ž‘ ์„ ๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์•Œ์ฝ”์˜ฌ ์ค‘๋…์ž ๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . [1] ๊ทธ์˜ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋ถ€์ธ ์ธ Judith Lee Berg ( nรฉe Halpern)๋Š” ๋„์›€์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ทธ์˜ ์—ฐ์Šต์„ ๊ทธ๋งŒ๋‘๋„๋ก ์„ค๋“ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋…€์˜ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ ์ธ ๋ด๋ฒ„๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌํ–ˆ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ž๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋งˆ์ณค์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐœ์ž‘์— ์‹œ๋‹ฌ๋ ธ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‡Œ์ข…์–‘ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•œ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ์™„์ „ํžˆ ํšŒ๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [1] ๋‚จ์€ ์ƒ์•  ๋™์•ˆ Berg๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ํ‰ํ„ฐ ๋ฅผ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธด ์•ž๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .

๋ผ๋””์˜ค ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ

Berg๋Š” ์‹ ๋ฐœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์ค‘์— Denver์— ์˜ท๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ์—ด์–ด KGMC-AM ํ† ํฌ์‡ผ ์ง„ํ–‰์ž Laurence Gross ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . Berg์—๊ฒŒ ๊นŠ์€ ์ธ์ƒ์„๋ฐ›์€ Gross๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ฐจ๋ก€ ๊ทธ๋ฅผ ๊ฒŒ์ŠคํŠธ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋กœ์Šค์˜ ์ž‘์—… ์ทจํ•  KGMC์„ ๋– ๋‚  ๋•Œ ์ƒŒ๋””์—๊ณ  , ์บ˜๋ฆฌํฌ๋‹ˆ์•„ , ๊ทธ๋Š” ์•จ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ํ›„๊ณ„์ž๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์š”์ฒญํ–ˆ๋‹ค. [2]

์ฝœ์‚ฌ์ธ ์„ KWBZ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•œ KGMC์—์„œ Berg๋Š” Denver์—์žˆ๋Š” KHOW ๋กœ ์ด์ „ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . KHOW์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ณ  ๋œ ํ›„ Berg๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์Œ์•… ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๊ฒฝ๋˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— KWBZ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„ ๊ฐ”๊ณ  ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์žƒ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ค์—…์ž ๋ฒ„๊ทธ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ KTOK์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์• ๋ฅผํ–ˆ๋‹ค ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ ์‹œํ‹ฐ , ์˜คํด๋ผํ˜ธ๋งˆ ์™€ ๋””ํŠธ๋กœ์ดํŠธ , ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ . ๊ทธ๋Š” KOA (AM) ์— ๊ณ ์šฉ๋˜์–ด 1981 ๋…„ 2 ์›” 23 ์ผ ๋ฐ๋ท”ํ–ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ฃฝ์„ ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ KOA์—์„œ ์ผํ–ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ์˜ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ 30 ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์ฃผ์—์„œ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์œ  ์ฃผ์˜์  ์‚ฌํšŒ์  , ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฒฌํ•ด ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ Berg ๋Š” ์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šคํผํ„ฐ๋ง์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ •๋„๋กœ ํ™”๋ฅผ๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์œ ๋ช… ํ•ด์กŒ๊ณ , ๊ทธ ํ›„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์งˆ์ฑ…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํด๋ผ๋ฆฌ์‚ฌ ํ•‘ ์ฝœ๋ผ ์—์Šคํ…Œ์Šค ์˜จ๊ฑด ํ•œ ์Œ์„ฑ ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ 2007 ๋…„์— ์“ด : ์“ด ๋ฒ„๋“œ "Farell์ด,"๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ž, ์—ฐ์•ฝํ•œ์— ์„ ํƒํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜ ๋ฌด๋ฐฉ๋น„ ๊ทธ๋Š” ๋กœ๋ฐ๋ฆญ ์—˜๋ฆฌ์—‡์™€ ํ”„๋žญํฌ ์„ ํƒํ–ˆ๋‹ค " ํ™”์ดํŠธ ๋ ˆ์ด์Šค์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ ๊ณผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ ์„œํ•œ์„ ์ด๋ฐฉ์ธ ๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ... ํ‘์ธ, ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ, ์ขŒํŒŒ, ๋™์„ฑ์• , ํžˆ์ŠคํŒจ๋‹‰, ๊ธฐํƒ€ ์†Œ์ˆ˜ ๋ฏผ์กฑ ๋ฐ ์ข…๊ต ๊ทธ๋ฃน์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฆ์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜นํ˜ธ ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ". [1]

On March 5, 1982, Berg tried to interview Ellen Kaplan, a member of the LaRouche movement, about an incident that had happened on February 7, 1982, at the Newark International Airport. Kaplan had recognized Henry Kissinger, who was on his way to Boston to undergo a coronary artery bypass operation, and shouted an abusive question at him, whereupon his wife Nancy attacked Kaplan.[3]ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์„ ์ง„ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ Berg๋Š” Kaplan์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜์ž ๊ทธ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผโ€œ์‚ฌ์•…ํ•œ ์ธ๊ฐ„โ€์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋…€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ธ์‹œ ํ‚ค์‹ ์ €์˜ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ ์นญ์ฐฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Kaplan์ด ์ „ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋Š์€ ํ›„์—๋„ Berg๋Š” Kaplan์„ ๊ณ„์† ์กฐ๋กฑํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ๋‘๋กœ ํ•™๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ํ›„ KOA๋Š” ์ฒญ์ทจ์ž์™€ Kaplan์˜ ๋‚จ์ž ์นœ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ถˆ๋งŒ์„ ์ ‘์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ์—ญ ์†Œ์œ ์ž General Electric ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ์˜ ์ œ์•ˆ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์—ญ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋Š” Berg๋ฅผ ๋ฉฐ์น  ๋™์•ˆ ์ผ์„ ์ค‘๋‹จํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง์žฅ์— ๋ณต๊ท€ ํ•œ ํ›„ Berg๋Š” ๊ทธ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๋‹ค์†Œ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [4]

์ฃฝ์Œ

At about 9:30 p.m. on June 18, 1984, Berg returned to his Adams Street townhouse after a dinner date with Judith, with whom he was attempting reconciliation.[5] Berg stepped out of his black Volkswagen Beetle and gunfire erupted. He was struck 12 times. The murder weapon, a semi-automatic Ingram MAC-10, which had been illegally converted to an automatic weapon, was later traced to the home of one of The Order's members by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Hostage Rescue Team.[6]

A former producer of Berg's believed that he was on a "death list" both because he was Jewish and had challenged, on the air, the beliefs of the Christian Identity movement, who believed Jews were descended from Satan.[7] At the trial for his murder, prosecutors contended that he was singled out for assassination because he was a Jew and because his personality incurred the anger of white supremacists.[8][7][9][10] At the conspiracy trial of members of The Order์•”์‚ด ์กฐ์ง์„ ๋‹ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฑ์ธ ์šฐ์›”์ฃผ์˜ ๋‹จ์ฒด ์ธ Denver Daw Parmenter ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ์ฐฝ๋ฆฝ ๋ฉค๋ฒ„ ์ธ Berg๊ฐ€ ์™œ ํ‘œ์ ์ด๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. Parmenter๋Š” Berg๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ฐฑ ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ๊ฒจ์กŒ ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Š” ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์‘๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [11] ๋ฒ„๊ทธ์˜ ์œ ํ•ด๋Š” ์ผ๋ฆฌ๋…ธ์ด ์ฃผ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ŠคํŠธ ํŒŒํฌ ์—์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐœํŠธ ํ•˜์ž„ ์œ ๋Œ€์ธ ๊ณต๋™ ๋ฌ˜์ง€์— ๋ฌปํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . [12]

The Order์˜ ํšŒ์› 4 ๋ช…์€ ๊ถ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ Jean Craig, David Lane , Bruce Pierce, Richard Scutari ๋“ฑ ์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ํ˜์˜ ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์†Œ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์‚ด์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด (๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„)์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ Lane๊ณผ Pierce๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [7] ์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ณต๊ฐˆ , ์Œ๋ชจ , Berg์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ๊ถŒ (์—ฐ๋ฐฉ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„)์„ ์นจํ•ด ํ•œ ํ˜์˜ ๋กœ ์œ ์ฃ„ ํŒ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . ๋‘ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์‹ค์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ข…์‹ ํ˜•์„ ์„ ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค. ๋ ˆ์ธ์˜ ํ˜•์€ 190 ๋…„, ํ”ผ์–ด์Šค๋Š” 252 ๋…„์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

David Lane was a former Klansman who later joined the Neo-Nazi Christian Identity group Aryan Nation. He steadfastly denied any involvement in Berg's murder, but neither did he regret that Berg was dead. In an interview presented as part of the History Channel documentary Nazi America: A Secret History, Lane admitted to calling the show and goading Berg into an exchange and stated: "The only thing I have to say about Alan Berg is, regardless of who did it, he has not mouthed his hate-whitey propaganda from his 50,000-watt zionist pulpit for quite a few years". Lane, incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Complex in Terre Haute, Indiana, died of an epileptic seizure at age 68 on May 28, 2007.[13] Bruce Pierce, who was incarcerated at the Federal Correctional Complex in Union County, Pennsylvania, died of natural causes at age 56 on August 16, 2010.[14] Craig and Scutari were convicted of unrelated crimes. The leader of The Order, Robert Jay Mathews, who was believed to have been a lookout in the Berg shooting although it was never proven, was burned to death during a standoff with federal authorities on December 8, 1984, at his home in Coupeville, Washington.[15]

In popular culture

Steven Dietz's 1988 play God's Country and the 1988 film Betrayed were based on the incident, as was the film Brotherhood of Murder (1999). Director Oliver Stone's 1988 film adaptation of Eric Bogosian's play Talk Radio also drew inspiration from Berg's death. His murder is mentioned in the 2017 PBS American Experience documentary "Oklahoma City". Berg's life and death were chronicled in the book, Talked to Death: The Life and Murder of Alan Berg by Stephen Singular.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d Estรฉs, Clarissa Pinkola (May 30, 2007). "The Ironies: White Supremacist Convicted of Slaying Alan Berg Dies". The Moderate Voice. Archived from the original on December 15, 2007. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  2. ^ Erickson, Hal (2017). Any Resemblance to Actual Persons: The Real People Behind 400+ Fictional Movie Characters. McFarland. p. 61. ISBN 9781476629308.
  3. ^ Dennis King: Lyndon LaRouche and the new American fascism, Doubleday, 1989, page 145
  4. ^ Stephen Singular: Talked to Death, Berkeley 1989, page 151
  5. ^ Flynn, Kevin (May 1, 2007). Fighting racism for 20 years - Neo-Nazi victim Alan Berg's ex-wife calls hate a 'disease'. Rocky Mountain News.
  6. ^ "Gun used in slaying of talk show host found." Lexington Herald-Leader. December 18, 1984.
  7. ^ a b c "The murder of Alan Berg in Denver: 25 years later". Denver Post. June 18, 2009. Retrieved December 12, 2012.
  8. ^ Knudson, Thomas J (October 31, 1987). "Trial Opens in Slaying of Radio Talk Show Host". the New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  9. ^ Coates, James (September 14, 1985). "Neo-nazi Targets". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  10. ^ Dobbs, David (October 30, 1987). "The Bizarre Tales of the Survival Right". The Chicago Tribune. Retrieved December 14, 2015.
  11. ^ "Death List Names Given To U.S. Jury". The New York Times/Associated Press. September 17, 1985. Retrieved November 2, 2015.
  12. ^ "Alan Berg". Fold3. Retrieved May 20, 2019.
  13. ^ White supremacist, talk show host killer dies in prison Archived May 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ Howard Pankratz (August 17, 2010). "Neo-Nazi gunman in Alan Berg's murder dies in prison". The Denver Post. Retrieved August 17, 2010.
  15. ^ "Robert Jay Mathews, founder of the white-supremacist group The Order, is killed during an FBI siege on Whidbey Island on December 8, 1984". Retrieved 7 August 2018.

External links

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