80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค - 80 Plus

80 Plus ๋กœ๊ณ 

80 Plus (์ƒํ‘œ๋ช… 80 PLUS )๋Š” ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜ (PSU)์˜ ํšจ์œจ์ ์ธ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฐœ์  ์ธ์ฆ ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค . 2004 ๋…„ ์ถœ์‹œ ๋œ ์ œํ’ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ •๊ฒฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ 20 %, 50 %, 100 %์—์„œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ด 80 % ์ด์ƒ, 100 % ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ ์—ญ๋ฅ  0.9 ์ด์ƒ์ธ ์ œํ’ˆ์„ ์ธ์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ PSU๋Š” ์ง€์ •๋œ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ ์—ด๋กœ 20 % ์ดํ•˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ํšจ์œจ์ด ๋‚ฎ์€ PSU์— ๋น„ํ•ด โ€‹โ€‹์ „๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์š”๊ธˆ์ด ์ค„์–ด ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์—ญ์‚ฌ

  • EPRI (Electric Power Research) ๋ฐ Ecos Consulting (๋ธŒ๋žœ๋“œ ํ™๋ณด ์ž)์€ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘ ํŒŒ์ƒ ๋‹ค์ค‘ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ์œ„ํ•œ ์ผ๋ฐ˜ํ™” ๋œ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ํ”„๋กœํ† ์ฝœ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2004 ๋…„ 3 ์›” : 80 Plus ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ACEEE Market Transformation Symposium์—์„œ ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2005 ๋…„ 2 ์›” : Seasonic ์—์„œ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ ์‹œ์žฅ ์šฉ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .
  • 2006 : Energy Star ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ (2007 ๋…„ 7 ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ์šฉ) Energy Star 4.0 ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์–‘์— 80 Plus ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2006 ๋…„ 11 ์›” ๋ฐ 2 ์›” : HP ์™€ Dell ์€ 80 Plus ์‚ฌ์–‘์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ PSU๋ฅผ ์ธ์ฆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2007 ๋…„ 7 ์›” 20 ์ผ : Energy Star ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์‚ฌ์–‘ 4.0์ด ๋ฐœํšจ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์–‘์—๋Š” ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํ†ฑ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 80 Plus ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2007 ๋…„ 12 ์›” : 200 [1] ์‹œ์žฅ์— PSU๋ฅผ 80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ธ์ฆํ•˜๊ณ ์ด ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์ด๋˜๊ณ ์žˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2008 ๋…„ 1/4 ๋ถ„๊ธฐ : Bronze, Silver ๋ฐ Gold ๊ณ ํšจ์œจ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ‘œ์ค€์ด ๊ฐœ์ •๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 2009 ๋…„ 10 ์›” : Platinum ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์–‘์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [2]
  • 2012 ๋…„ 2 ์›” : Dell๊ณผ Delta Electronics๊ฐ€ ํ˜‘๋ ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ์ดˆ์˜ 80 Plus Titanium ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [์‚ผ]

ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ ์ˆ˜์ค€ ์ธ์ฆ

80 Plus ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ ์œ ํ˜• [4] ์ƒ 115V ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋น„ ์ค‘๋ณต 230V ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ด์ค‘ํ™” 230V EU ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋น„ ์ค‘๋ณต
์ •๊ฒฉ ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ๋น„์œจ 10 % 20 % 50 % 100 % 10 % 20 % 50 % 100 % 10 % 20 % 50 % 100 %
80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค 80 Plus Standard.svg 80 % 80 % 80 % 82 % 85 % 82 %
80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๋ธŒ๋ก ์ฆˆ 80 Plus Bronze.svg 82 % 85 % 82 % 81 % 85 % 81 % 85 % 88 % 85 %
80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์‹ค๋ฒ„ 80 Plus Silver.svg 85 % 88 % 85 % 85 % 89 % 85 % 87 % 90 % 87 %
80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ๊ณจ๋“œ 80 Plus Gold.svg 87 % 90 % 87 % 88 % 92 % 88 % 90 % 92 % 89 %
80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ํ”Œ๋ž˜ํ‹ฐ๋„˜ 80 Plus Platinum.svg 90 % 92 % 89 % 90 % 94 % 91 % 92 % 94 % 90 %
80 Plus ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ 80 Plus Titanium.svg 90 % 92 % 94 % 90 % 90 % 94 % 96 % 91 % 90 % 94 % 96 % 94 %

์ธ์ฆ์„์œ„ํ•œ 4 ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์นดํ…Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ :

  • 115V๋Š” ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘, ์›Œํฌ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ๋น„ ์ค‘๋ณต ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ฆ ๋œ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 230V๋Š” ์ค‘๋ณต ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜ ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ฆ ๋œ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 115V Industrial์€ ์‚ฐ์—…์šฉ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์„์œ„ํ•œ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜์—ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ํ˜•์‹ (๋‚ด์žฅํ˜•, ์บก์Аํ™” ํ˜•, ๊ฐœ๋ฐฉํ˜• ํ”„๋ ˆ์ž„, ๋ž™ ์žฅ์ฐฉํ˜•, DIN ์žฅ์ฐฉํ˜•) ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
  • 230V EU ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ๋น„ ์ค‘๋ณต ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ์Šคํฌํƒ‘, ์›Œํฌ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜ ๋ฐ ์„œ๋ฒ„ ์• ํ”Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ€์ด์…˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ธ์ฆ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋” ๋†’์€ ์ธ์ฆ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 0.9 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋ฅ  ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด 20 % ๋ฐ 50 % ๋ถ€ํ•˜ ์ˆ˜์ค€๊ณผ 100 % ๋ถ€ํ•˜์— ์ ์šฉ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ™•์žฅ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [5] Platinum ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ์„œ๋ฒ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด 0.95 ์ด์ƒ์˜ ์—ญ๋ฅ ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณดํ˜ธ๊ธฐ ์ปดํ“จํŒ… ์ด๋‹ˆ์…”ํ‹ฐ๋ธŒ 80 ํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ์Šค ์ธ์ฆ ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์— ํ•ด๋‹นํ•˜๋Š” 2011 ๋…„์„ ํ†ตํ•ด 2007 ์›Œํฌ ์Šคํ…Œ์ด์…˜์„์œ„ํ•œ ํšจ์œจ ๋“ฑ๊ธ‰ ๋ชฉํ‘œ. 2007 ๋…„ 7 ์›”๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 2008 ๋…„ 6 ์›”๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ 80 Plus ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ (Energy Star 4.0). ๋‚ด๋…„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š” 80 Plus Bronze ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ, ๋‹ค์Œ ํ•ด 80 Plus Silver, 80 Plus Gold, ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ Platinum์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ค‘๋ณต์„ฑ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ ์„ผํ„ฐ ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค .

์˜คํ•ด์˜ ์†Œ์ง€๊ฐ€์žˆ๋Š” ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜ ๊ด‘๊ณ 

ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ฆ์„๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ์—์„œ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ์ด 80 Plus๋ผ๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์•”์‹œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [6] ํšŒ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ OEM ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ƒˆ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์žฌํŒ๋งคํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ OEM ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ์ธ์ฆ ๋˜์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒˆ ์ด๋ฆ„ ๋ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋กœ ์ธ์ฆ์„ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [6] ์–ด๋–ค ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—๋Š” ๋ฆฌ์…€๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ณต ํ•  ์ˆ˜์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋†’์€ ์™€ํŠธ๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋ฆฌ์…€๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” 80 Plus ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [6] 80 Plus ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์—๋Š” ์ธ์ฆ ๋œ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ๋ชจํ’ˆ ๋ชฉ๋ก์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ ํ•ด๋‹น ์†Œ๋ชจํ’ˆ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ์ถฉ์กฑํ•˜๋Š”์ง€ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [4]

์ผ๋ถ€ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ œ์กฐ์—…์ฒด๋Š” "85 Plus", "90 Plus"๋ฐ "95 Plus" [7] [8] ์™€ ๊ฐ™์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์ด๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์ œํ’ˆ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ์ง€์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ณต์‹ ์ธ์ฆ์ด๋‚˜ ํ‘œ์ค€์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ธ์ฆ ํ™•์ธ

Compuware ๋ชจ๋ธ CDR-2227-2M2 PSU์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ 80 ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ‹ฐํƒ€๋Š„ ์ธ์ฆ ์˜ˆ

Other than misleading consumers by falsely claiming certification with similar names or companies "reselling", another way companies try to confuse consumers is by claiming the meet a certain certification requirement when in fact they do not.[9] For example, the highest 80Plus is 80+ Titanium (96% efficiency at 50% load).[10] Some companies will claim they meet this requirement even when they are only close (i.e. 95.xx%) therefore claiming 80+ titanium.[11] However, this is not the case as one could easily modify the test unit to be more enhanced than production models in order to slightly raise numbers.[12]

Therefore the best way to check it is to visit the Plug Load Solutions[13] official website list and check each company's list of how many and what models are listed.[14] All certifications are also listed on website.

For example, if we take a look at the highest rating available (80+ Titanium) in the 230V Internal category (most common for industrial PSUs) for comparison; we can see that Compuware Technology Inc. leads with 29 models,[15] followed by Super Micro Computer Inc. with 20 80+ Titanium units,[16] and close third place is Delta Electronics with 18 units.[17]

80Plus ์ธ์ฆ ๋ฐ Plug Load Solutions ์›น ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ณ ์—†์ด ์ž์ฃผ ์—…๋ฐ์ดํŠธ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. [18] ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๊ฐœ์š”

์ค‘๋ณต ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜์—๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์€ ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์„ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆˆ ๊ฐ’์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์—ด๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด, ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ 60 % ํšจ์œจ์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” 600W ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ „์›์—์„œ 1000W๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์™€ 400W๋ฅผ ์—ด๋กœ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ „์ฒด ๋ถ€ํ•˜์—์„œ 80 % ํšจ์œจ์ด ์‹คํ–‰๋˜๋Š” 600 ์™€ํŠธ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ฃผ์ „์›์—์„œ 750W๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด์™€ ์—ด๋กœ 150W ๋งŒ ๋‚ญ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

For a given power supply, efficiency varies depending on how much power is being delivered. Supplies are typically most efficient at between half and three-quarters load, much less efficient at low load, and somewhat less efficient at maximum load. Older ATX power supplies were typically 60% to 75% efficient. To qualify for 80 Plus, a power supply must achieve at least 80% efficiency at three specified loads (20%, 50% and 100% of maximum rated power). However, 80 Plus supplies may still be less than 80% efficient at lower loads. For instance, an 80 Plus, 520 watt supply could still be 70% or less efficient at 60 watts (a typical idle power for a desktop computer).[19] Thus it is still important to select a supply with capacity appropriate to the device being powered.

It is easier to achieve the higher efficiency levels for higher wattage supplies, so gold and platinum supplies may be less available in consumer-level supplies of reasonable capacity for typical desktop machines.

Typical computer power supplies may have power factors as low as 0.5 to 0.6.[20] The higher power factor reduces the peak current draw, reducing load on the circuit or on an uninterruptible power supply.

Reducing the heat output of the computer helps reduce noise, since fans do not have to spin as fast to cool the computer. Reduced heat and resulting in lower cooling demands may increase computer reliability.[20]

The testing conditions may give an unrealistic expectation of efficiency for heavily loaded, high power (rated much larger than 300 W) supplies. A heavily loaded power supply and the computer it is powering generate significant amounts of heat, which may raise the power supply temperature, which is likely to decrease its efficiency. Since power supplies are certified at room temperature, this effect is not taken into account.[5][21]

80 Plus does not set efficiency targets for very low load. For instance, generation of standby power may still be relatively inefficient, and may not meet requirements of the One Watt Initiative. Testing of 80 Plus power supplies shows that they vary considerably in standby efficiency. Some power supplies consume half a watt[22] or less in standby with no load, where others consume several times as much at standby,[23] even though they may meet higher 80 Plus certification requirement levels.

See also

References

  1. ^ Join, 80+.
  2. ^ Lima, Cรกssio (9 December 2009). "New 80 Plus Platinum Certification". Hardware Secrets. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
  3. ^ "Dell First to Achieve 80 Plus Titanium PSU Energy Efficiency". Direct2Dell. Dell. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 29 September 2013. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
  4. ^ a b "80 Plus PSU List". Plug load solutions. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  5. ^ a b Chin, Michael โ€˜Mikeโ€™ (19 March 2008). "80 Plus expands podium for Bronze, Silver & Gold". Silent PC Review. Archived from the original on 10 April 2008. Retrieved 21 April 2008.
  6. ^ a b c Torres, Gabriel (3 December 2010). "Power Supplies With Fake 80 Plus Badges". Hardware Secrets. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2010.
  7. ^ Torres, Gabriel (29 March 2010). "Amacrox Free Earth 85PLUS 650 W Power Supply Review". Hardware Secrets. Archived from the original on 11 July 2011.
  8. ^ TG Publishing Team (8 July 2010). "FSP Everest 85 Plus 500". Tom's Hardware. p. 6.
  9. ^ https://www.overclock.net/threads/how-to-spot-fake-80-plus-badges.867689/
  10. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/docs/collatrl/print/Generalized_Internal_Power_Supply_Efficiency_Test_Protocol_R6.7.1.pdf
  11. ^ https://hexus.net/tech/tech-explained/psu/29911-80-plus-certification/
  12. ^ https://landing.coolermaster.com/faq/can-the-80-plus-efficiency-rating-be-falsified/
  13. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/About.aspx
  14. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/80PlusPowerSupplies.aspx
  15. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/80PlusPowerSuppliesDetail.aspx?id=88&type=1
  16. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/80PlusPowerSuppliesDetail.aspx?id=69&type=1
  17. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/80PlusPowerSuppliesDetail.aspx?id=240&type=1
  18. ^ https://www.plugloadsolutions.com/About.aspx
  19. ^ Chin, Michael โ€˜Mikeโ€™ (17 November 2006). "Corsair HX520W & HX620W Modular power supplies". Silent PC Review. p. 4.
  20. ^ a b "The Program". 80 Plus.
  21. ^ Torres, Gabriel (10 November 2010). "Can We Trust the 80 Plus Certification?". Hardware Secrets. Archived from the original on 25 October 2014.
  22. ^ Chin, Michael 'Mike' (16 March 2008). "Corsair TX650W ATX12V power supply review". Silent PC Review. p. 4.
  23. ^ Chin, Michael 'Mike' (2 March 2008). "Enermax Modu82+ 625 Power Supply Review". Silent PC Review. p. 5.

External links

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